Certified Emergency Nurse (CEN) Practice Test 2026 - Free CEN Practice Questions and Study Guide

Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition that occurs when air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increased pressure in the chest cavity. This pressure can compress the lungs and major blood vessels, compromising respiratory function and circulation.

The common treatment for tension pneumothorax involves performing a needle decompression followed by placement of a chest tube. Needle decompression is often the immediate intervention in an emergency setting to rapidly relieve the pressure by allowing trapped air to escape. This is typically performed at the second intercostal space in the midclavicular line on the affected side. Once the immediate pressure is relieved, a chest tube is inserted to facilitate ongoing drainage of air and allow the lung to re-expand.

This treatment protocol is vital because it directly addresses the underlying issue of trapped air and prevents further deterioration of the patient’s condition. Understanding the urgency and the mechanical rationale behind this intervention is critical for emergency nursing practice.